In developed countries, almost 75 percent of the population consults a doctor at least once because of back pain.Nine out of ten people will experience back pain at least once in their lifetime.Most often, back diseases affect people between the ages of thirty and fifty, i.e., at the active working age.Of all patients who come to the clinic, more than a third come because of back pain.There are effective medications to relieve pain.
Types of back pain
Back pain is acute if it is located in the spine and started no more than six weeks ago.Sharp pain is difficult for patients to tolerate, but in many cases it is a relatively benign symptom that can be treated.With timely treatment, patients return to professional activities within a month.
If the pain lasts more than six weeks, then it becomes chronic, which is an equally dangerous problem, as there is a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients of working age.The percentage of patients with chronic back pain is ten percent.
reason
It is worth noting that the reasons for the development of pathological processes in the back have been studied quite well.Back pain can occur both due to risk factors and due to the developed disease.Most often, pain in the back and back occurs when:
- overweight;
- muscle strain;
- damage to the intervertebral joints;
- spasms;
- hypothermia;
- osteochondrosis;
- protrusion and herniation of the intervertebral disc;
- neuralgia.
It is well known that the presence of excess body weight significantly increases the load on the musculoskeletal system: the load on the lumbar spine increases by forty kilograms with an increase in the body mass index by one unit.A sedentary lifestyle, prolonged exposure to a static position with incorrect posture and lack of physical activity lead to acute and chronic back pain.
Osteochondrosis
In the first place among the causes of back pain is osteochondrosis of the spine.Spinal osteochondrosis is a destructive pathological process that develops in the intervertebral discs.As the disease progresses, the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, intervertebral joints and ligaments that support the spine are involved in the degenerative process.
Initially, the process takes place in the core of the disc, which becomes less elastic due to the loss of moisture.These processes in a relatively localized area of the spinal segment lead to inevitable changes in the adjacent vertebrae and intervertebral joints, which ultimately impair the mobility of the spine as a whole.
Disc herniation
Lumbar disc herniation is more common.The patient feels pain in the back, which radiates to the legs, buttocks, reaches the leg or is localized in the inner part of the thigh.
Mobility is limited.Sensitivity is impaired, which can appear in the form of burning and tingling.
Neuralgia
The presence of muscular neuralgia can be judged by the appearance of acute shooting pain in the back.It occurs due to the compression of the nerve under the influence of the surrounding inflamed tissue.
The most common site of pain is in the narrow spaces between the ribs in the back.Neuralgia appears both in childhood and in adulthood.
Injections for back and back pain
Today, the doctor participating in therapy issues is guided by the data of the scientific literature, his experience and the experience of his colleagues, since there are no standards for the diagnosis and treatment of back pain that would be officially recommended by the Ministry of Health.
The following medications can be used to treat back pain:
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- anti-inflammatory steroid drugs;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors;
- vasodilators and improve microcirculation;
- synthetic drugs;
- B vitamins.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
This group of drugs is indispensable for diseases of the musculoskeletal system.It is sold without a prescription.
Available in the form of ointments, gels, tablets, suspensions, capsules, rectal suppositories, injections for intravenous and intramuscular injections.
Described:
- An anti-inflammatory drug from the group of phenylacetic acid derivatives with analgesic effect.It is well tolerated and effectively relieves pain.Side effects include inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage tissue and ulcerogenic properties, i.e. promoting the formation of gastric ulcers.
- An anti-inflammatory drug from the sulfonamide class with an analgesic effect.The difference from the previous drug is the prevention of the destruction of proteoglycans and cartilage tissue, a selective effect on inflammatory mediators, which reduces the risk of gastric ulcers and increases the effect of corticosteroids.Ideal for quick relief of acute pain.Side effects include the risk of toxic liver damage.
Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
It is used in cases where non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not have the desired effect.
They have a quick effect, have a systemic anti-inflammatory effect and reduce pain in the pathological focus.Available in the form of ointments, tablets, injections for intramuscular, intravenous, intra-articular injections.
It is used in severe cases.They are available only by prescription, because they have many side effects: weight gain, edema, osteoporosis, ulcerative processes in the stomach and intestines.
Muscle relaxants
They are used only as part of complex treatment with drugs from other groups.The action is based on muscle relaxation, that is, they themselves do not have a therapeutic effect.But muscle relaxation helps in the presence of prolonged spasm that leads to pain and to increase the effectiveness of manual therapy, massage and physical therapy.
They are used both in connection with NSAIDs and in cases of intolerance to them or the presence of contraindications to them.
They are available only with a doctor's prescription, as they have side effects: sudden changes in blood pressure, convulsions, muscle weakness and a depressing effect on the central nervous system.
Chondroprotectors
These include glucosamine and chondroitin preparations.Chondroitin promotes calcium retention and slows bone resorption.Glucosamine helps improve the functions of the affected joint by increasing the production of hyaluronic acid.Available in the form of ointments, tablets, injections for intramuscular and intra-articular injections.It is prescribed in combination with NSAIDs.They practically have no contraindications or side effects.
In this case, for the best effect, oral administration should be combined with parenteral administration:
- Injections for intramuscular administration: one ampoule three times a week for one to two months.
- Powder: dissolve in water and take half an hour before meals.Take one pack once a day for one to three months.
- Tablets: Take two tablets three times a day with meals.
Vasodilators
The drug based on the deproteinized hemoderivative of calf blood helps to expand blood vessels, reduce trophic and microcirculatory disorders by improving the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.There is a decrease in hypoxia in the pathological focus with radiculopathy, osteochondrosis and intervertebral hernia.Available without a prescription in the form of tablets and injections.
Intravenous injections of a purine derivative are carried out in the morning and afternoon, 200-300 mg of the drug.Intramuscular injections are given two to three times a day, 100 mg.Tablets, when taken simultaneously with injections, increase the effect of the drug and take one tablet two to three times a day.
B vitamins
It is used as part of complex therapy.Only three vitamins are used from this group.Thiamine is involved in energy metabolism, improves the conduction of nerve impulses, relieves pain and promotes the restoration of intervertebral discs.Pyridoxine prevents hypoxia and improves intervertebral disc trophism.Cyanocobalamin relieves inflammation, increases tissue trophism and restores the structure of nerve tissue.
Available without a prescription.They practically have no contraindications or side effects.Available in the form of tablets and injections.Use one ampoule a day for ten days.If the pain is not acute, then a regimen is used in which 3 ampoules are used per week (every other day) for three to four weeks.
The above drugs should be combined depending on the type of disease.But in any case, the main treatment will be aimed at eliminating pain, stopping inflammation and restoring the functions of the musculoskeletal system at the source of the pathology.
The following are used as therapeutic measures:
- massage;
- manual therapy;
- physical therapy;
- physiotherapy;
- electrical neurostimulation;
- therapeutic blockade;
- surgical decompression and stabilization.
Adequate therapy is prescribed by a general practitioner after a complete examination.If necessary, he will refer the patient to a specialist: neurologist, gynecologist, urologist.
Block for back pain
Performing a paravertebral blockade makes it possible to ensure the delivery of the drug directly to the pathological focus, which is the cause of acute pain.Patients experience immediate relief when the block is performed.But it can only be performed in a hospital setting and only by a competent specialist.Pain relief is temporary but noticeable.The procedure also has diagnostic value.If after the blockage there is no immediate relief from the pain, then the reason is not related to a disease of the spine.
The blockade can be carried out in the biologically active points of muscles and tendons, in the soft tissues surrounding the affected segment of the spine, in nerve sheaths, in nerve ganglia, joints and joints.In this case, the injection consists of one, two, three or more drugs.These can be local anesthetics, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, vitamins, ATP.The effectiveness of blockades is undeniable for osteochondrosis, disc herniations, spondylosis and spondyloarthrosis, lumbago, radiculitis, acute and chronic pain in the spine.
Blocking procedure
When performing a blockade with any of the above medications, the following is observed:
- immediate feeling of the effect by the patient;
- almost complete absence of contraindications;
- creating a high concentration of the drug specifically in the pathological focus.
Description of the procedure:
- examination of the pathological focus with localization of the place of maximum pain;
- the patient is placed on the stomach;
- treatment of the blockage site with an antiseptic;
- anesthesia of the puncture site and drug administration.
There are few contraindications for blocking, but they exist: pregnancy, individual intolerance to drugs, infection in the area of the procedure.
There are many ways to get rid of back pain.You should not only use pills or injections for back and back pain, but also remember about home remedies.The first aid at home is to apply cold to the back (ice from the refrigerator, frozen meat, dumplings from the freezer).Painful spasm is relieved by massage.